electronics The field of electronics is a branch of physics and electrical engineering that deals with the emission, behaviour and effects of electrons using electronic devices. Electronics uses active devices to control electron flow by amplification ...

, the Gummel plot is the combined plot of the base and collector

electric current An electric current is a stream of charged particles, such as electrons or ions, moving through an electrical conductor or space. It is measured as the net rate of flow of electric charge through a surface or into a control volume. The moving pa ...

I_\text

and

I_\text

, of a

bipolar transistor A bipolar junction transistor (BJT) is a type of transistor that uses both electrons and electron holes as charge carriers. In contrast, a unipolar transistor, such as a field-effect transistor, uses only one kind of charge carrier. A bipolar t ...

vs. the base–emitter

voltage Voltage, also known as electric pressure, electric tension, or (electric) potential difference, is the difference in electric potential between two points. In a static electric field, it corresponds to the work needed per unit of charge to m ...

V_\text

, on a semi-

logarithmic scale A logarithmic scale (or log scale) is a way of displaying numerical data over a very wide range of values in a compact way—typically the largest numbers in the data are hundreds or even thousands of times larger than the smallest numbers. Such a ...

. This plot is very useful in device characterization because it reflects on the quality of the emitter–base

junction Junction may refer to: Arts and entertainment * ''Junction'' (film), a 2012 American film * Jjunction, a 2002 Indian film * Junction (album), a 1976 album by Andrew Cyrille * Junction (EP), by Basement Jaxx, 2002 * Junction (manga), or ''Hot ...

while the base–collector bias,

V_\text

, is kept constant. A number of other device parameters can be garnered either

quantitatively Quantitative research is a research strategy that focuses on quantifying the collection and analysis of data. It is formed from a deductive approach where emphasis is placed on the testing of theory, shaped by empiricist and positivist philosop ...

or qualitatively directly from the Gummel plot:A. S. Zoolfakar et N. A. Shahrol, «Modelling of NPN Bipolar Junction Transistor Characteristics Using Gummel Plot Technique», in 2010 International Conference on Intelligent Systems, Modelling and Simulation (ISMS), 2010, p. 396–400. * The

common-emitter In electronics, a common-emitter amplifier is one of three basic single-stage bipolar-junction-transistor (BJT) amplifier topologies, typically used as a voltage amplifier. It offers high current gain (typically 200), medium input resistance a ...

current gain,

\beta

, and the

common-base In electronics, a common-base (also known as grounded-base) electronic amplifier, amplifier is one of three basic single-stage bipolar junction transistor (BJT) amplifier topologies, typically used as a current buffer or voltage amplifier. In th ...

current gain,

\alpha

, * Base and collector ideality factors,

n

, * Series resistances and

leakage current In electronics, leakage is the gradual transfer of electrical energy across a boundary normally viewed as insulating, such as the spontaneous discharge of a charged capacitor, magnetic coupling of a transformer with other components, or flow of cu ...

s. Sometimes the DC current gain,

\beta

, is plotted on the same figure as well.

References

Transistors Plots (graphics) {{Electronics-stub

See also

References